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The Kidney Stone Page |
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MINERAL
WATER
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ABSTRACT
Rodgers AL Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
allenr@psipsy.uct.ac.za Urol Int, 58(2):93-9 1997
Effect of mineral water containing calcium and magnesium on calcium oxalate urolithiasis risk factors.
Calcium oxalate kidney stone formers are invariably advised to increase their fluid
intake. In addition, magnesium therapy is often administered. Recently, a
prospective study showed that a high dietary intake of calcium reduces the risk
of symptomatic kidney stones. The present study was performed to test whether
simultaneous delivery of these
factors--high fluid intake, magnesium ingestion and increased
dietary calcium--could reduce the risk of
calcium oxalate kidney stone formation. A French mineral water,
containing calcium and magnesium (202 and 36
ppm, respectively) was selected as the dietary vehicle. Twenty calcium
oxalate stone forming patients of each sex
as well as 20 healthy volunteers of each sex participated in the study.
Each subject provided a 24hour urine collection after ingestion of
mineral water over a period of 3 days; after a suitable rest period the protocol
was
repeated using local tap water (Ca: 13 ppm, Mg: 1 ppm). In
addition, 24hour urines were collected by each subject on their free
diets. The entire cycle was repeated at least twice by each subject. Several
risk factors (excretion
of oxalate; relative supersaturations of calcium oxalate, brushite and uric
acid; calcium oxalate metastable limit; Oxalate:magnesium ratio and
oxalate:metastable limit ratio) were favourably altered by the mineral water and
tap water regimens but the former was more effective. In addition, the mineral
water protocol produced favourable but unique changes in the excretion of
citrate and magnesium as well as in the relative
supersaturation of brushite which were not achieved by the tap water
regimen. To the contrary, tap water produced an unfavourable change in the
magnesium excretion. The group which benefitted most were male stone formers in
whom 9 risk factors were favourably altered by the mineral water protocol. It is
concluded that mineral water containing calcium and magnesium, such as that used
in this study, deserves to be considered as a possible therapeutic or
prophylactic agent in calcium oxalate kidney stone disease.
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This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
If you need medical attention, consult your health care professional.
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